What is the primary function of a power transformer in a power supply?

The primary function of a power transformer in a power supply is to step voltages up or down. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to change the voltage level of alternating current (AC). In applications like power supplies, they enable the conversion of high-voltage electricity from transmission lines to a safer, lower voltage suitable for household or electronic device use, or alternatively, stepping up the voltage for distribution purposes.

This capability is crucial in various electrical applications, as it ensures that devices receive the voltage they need to operate efficiently and safely. By transforming the voltage, the power transformer supports both the operation of electronic devices and the overall management of electrical distribution systems.

While isolation from the wall outlet is an important safety feature, it is not the primary function of the transformer, although transformers can provide electrical isolation in certain designs. Voltage regulation typically involves additional components like voltage regulators, and filtering out noise is usually handled by capacitors or inductors rather than transformers.